8 Ways to Invest Confidently in Retirement

On Feb. 24, 2020, when the US stock market started to slide, investors got nervous. By March 23, the S&P 500 was down 34% from the February high point. Emotionally, it was difficult to stay invested. But time and again, financial professionals have cautioned that falling markets can turn on a dime when things seem only slightly less bleak than the day before.

Historically, every severe downturn has eventually given way to further growth.

Despite Market Pullbacks, Stocks Have Risen Over the Long Term

It's unclear what will happen next. But we do know that these patterns have played out in similar ways in recent market pullbacks. Days with unimaginable losses have sometimes been followed quickly by days with large gains. Eventually, the market has historically gotten through these periods and gone on to produce positive returns—the largest of which often come right after big selloffs.

Median Returns Following Large Stock Market Selloffs (1950–2010)

Steps to Consider Now

Consider these 8 ways to make sure your financial plan is on track through down markets so you're positioned to benefit from potential growth later.

1. Try to stay disciplined with your investing

Staying invested through downturns can seem counterintuitive, but it can be key to benefiting from potential rallies and the long-term growth potential of the stock market. Missing just a few of the best days in the market can undermine long-term return potential.

2. Work to maintain a diversified investment mix

Setting and maintaining your diversified asset allocation are among the most important ingredients in your potential long-term investment success. Though diversification and asset allocation won't ensure gains or guarantee against losses, they may smooth out returns for the level of risk you choose to target.

Diversification Can Help Smooth the Ups and Downs of Your Portfolio

Read Viewpoints on Fidelity.com: The guide to diversification

3. Consider reviewing investments at least annually and rebalancing as needed

Big shifts in the market can throw your plan off track. For instance, if you had a portfolio with about 60% stocks and about 40% bonds in January, the portfolio would have been closer to 52% stocks by the end of March.

When investing for Fidelity's managed account clients, the investment team believes that regular rebalancing is an important activity to help clients remain invested in a manner that is consistent with their financial goals.

As a rule of thumb, Fidelity suggests rebalancing if the share of stocks, bonds, or cash veers more than 5%–10% from its target weight in your portfolio. For instance, if the stock market goes up or down significantly, you may have more or less risk than your plan calls for, and may want to adjust your holdings to return to your target asset mix.

It can also be a good idea to evaluate your investment mix if your life goals change.

Read Viewpoints on Fidelity.com: Give your portfolio a checkup

4. Consider reinvesting if you already sold out of the market

Seller's remorse can happen to anyone. If you've sold all your investments and are on the sidelines during a recovery, it can be difficult to catch up. But there's good news: You can reinvest. And recessions, historically, have been good times to do so.

Investing During Recessions Has Historically Led to Strong Investment Results

When to Get Back in

If jumping back into the market all at once seems too risky now, consider a dollar-cost-averaging strategy, putting a set dollar amount into a portfolio each month. While dollar-cost averaging won't insulate you from losses or guarantee a profit in a volatile market, investors can purchase more shares when prices are lower, and fewer when they are higher. But for dollar-cost averaging to be effective, an investor must continue to make investments in both up and down markets.

5. Consider the impact of taxes

When investing outside of tax-advantaged accounts (like an IRA, 401(k), or HSA), the taxes generated by realizing gains on investments may lower your after-tax returns.

Strategies like asset location or tax-loss harvesting may help reduce the impact of taxes.

• An asset location strategy can help ensure that your investments are held in accounts where you pay lower taxes.
• Tax-loss harvesting may allow you to offset taxes on realized gains. And, if you have more capital losses than gains, you can use up to $3,000 a year to offset ordinary income on federal income taxes, and carry over the rest to future years.

Read Viewpoints on Fidelity.com: How to invest tax-efficiently

6. Evaluate your emergency fund

Generally, it's a good idea to keep 3 to 6 months' of essential expenses in cash or cash-like investments (like a money market fund, for example). As you move toward retirement, building up your cash savings to cover a year or more of essential expenses may help you feel more comfortable and prepared for the unexpected.

7. Have a plan for retirement income for good markets and bad

People are living longer now, which means planning for a retirement that may last 20 or 30 years—or more. For more people, that means building a retirement income plan that includes growth potential as well as income guarantees and flexibility. Fidelity suggests a layered approach, which includes 3 things:

• Guarantees to ensure core expenses are covered. These can include Social Security benefits, pensions, and annuities.⁴
• Growth potential to meet long-term needs and legacy goals. This would come primarily from the stock portion of your investment mix.
• Flexibility to refine your plan as needed over time. Combining income from multiple sources can help reduce the effects of some important key risks, such as inflation, longevity, taxes, and market volatility.

The ability to be flexible with withdrawals from investments during and after market downturns can have a significant impact on the success of your retirement income plan.

Read Viewpoints on Fidelity.com: The impact of down markets for retirees

8. Stress test your retirement income plan

Instead of focusing on market ups and downs, stress test your retirement income plan, and make short-term adjustments as needed. Knowing that your plan is designed to provide the income you need can be comforting. Talk to a Fidelity advisor or other financial professional to understand how market downturns could affect your income.

Focus on what you can control

In the short term, extreme market fluctuations are painful. But over time, they may have less of an impact on long-term goals than one might fear. That's because focusing on the things you can control, and continuing to save and stay invested with a diversified plan, can have an even bigger impact on the outcome.

Next steps to consider

Let’s work together: We can help you create a plan for any kind of market.

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_{1. The S&P 500® Index is a market capitalization–weighted index of 500 common stocks chosen for market size, liquidity, and industry group representation. S&P and S&P500 are registered service marks of Standard & Poor's Financial Services LLC. The CBOE Dow Jones Volatility Index is a key measure of market expectations of near-term volatility conveyed by S&P 500 stock index option prices. You cannot invest directly in an index.}

_{2. The hypothetical example assumes an investment that tracks the returns of the S&P 500® Index and includes dividend reinvestment but does not reflect the impact of taxes, which would lower these figures. There is volatility in the market, and a sale at any point in time could result in a gain or loss. Your own investing experience will differ, including the possibility of loss. You cannot invest directly in an index. The S&P 500® Index, a market capitalization–weighted index of common stocks, is a registered trademark of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., and has been licensed for use by Fidelity Distributors Corporation.}

_{3. The S&P 500}® _{Index is an unmanaged, market capitalization-weighted index of 500 common stocks chosen for market size, liquidity, and industry group representation to present U.S. equity performance.}

_{MSCI ACWI (All Country World Index) ex USA Index is a market capitalization-weighted index designed to measure the investable equity market performance for global investors of large and mid-cap stocks in developed and emerging markets, excluding the United States.}

_{Bloomberg Barclays US Aggregate Bond Index is a broad-based, market-value-weighted benchmark that measures the performance of the investment grade, US dollar-denominated, fixed-rate taxable bond market. Sectors in the index include Treasuries, government-related and corporate securities, MBS (agency fixed-rate and hybrid ARM pass-throughs), ABS, and CMBS.}

_{4. Guarantees are subject to the claims-paying ability of the issuing insurance company.}

_{This information is intended to be educational and is not tailored to the investment needs of any specific investor.}

_{Investment decisions should be based on an individual’s own goals, time horizon, and tolerance for risk.}

_{Fidelity does not provide legal or tax advice. The information herein is general and educational in nature and should not be considered legal or tax advice. Tax laws and regulations are complex and subject to change, which can materially impact investment results. Fidelity cannot guarantee that the information herein is accurate, complete, or timely. Fidelity makes no warranties with regard to such information or results obtained by its use, and disclaims any liability arising out of your use of, or any tax position taken in reliance on, such information. Consult an attorney or tax professional regarding your specific situation.}

_{Investing involves risk, including risk of loss.}

_{Indexes are unmanaged. It is not possible to invest directly in an index.}

_{Index definition
Bloomberg Barclays US Aggregate Bond Index is a broad-based, market-value-weighted benchmark that measures the performance of the investment grade, US dollar-denominated, fixed-rate taxable bond market. Sectors in the index include Treasuries, government-related and corporate securities, MBS (agency fixed-rate and hybrid ARM pass-throughs), ABS, and CMBS.}

_{Past performance and dividend rates are historical and do not guarantee future results.}

_{Diversification and asset allocation do not ensure a profit or guarantee against loss.}

_{Stock markets are volatile and can fluctuate significantly in response to company, industry, political, regulatory, market, or economic developments. Investing in stock involves risks, including the loss of principal.}

_{Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC, Member NYSE, SIPC, 900 Salem Street, Smithfield, RI 02917}

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